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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "They don't seem to make any sense at all."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Where do they come from..."
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    "dDurationMs": 2080,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "...and what happens if you fall into one?"
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    "dDurationMs": 3920,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Stars are incredibly massive collections of mostly hydrogen atoms"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that collapsed from enormous gas cloud under their own gravity."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In their core, nuclear fusion crushes hydrogen atoms into helium"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "releasing a tremendous amount of energy"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This energy, in the form of radiation,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "pushes against gravity,"
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      "utf8": "maintaining a delicate balance between the two forces."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As long as there is fusion in the core,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a star remains stable enough."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But for stars with way more mass then our own sun"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the heat and pressure at the core allow them to fuse heavier elements"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "until they reach iron."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Unlike all the elements that went before,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the fusion process that creates iron"
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      "utf8": "doesn't generate any energy."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Iron builds up at the center of the star"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "until it reaches a critical amount"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and the balance between radiation and gravity is suddenly broken."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The core collapses."
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    "dDurationMs": 1680,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Within a fraction of a second,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the star implodes."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Moving at about the quarter of the speed of light,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "feeding even more mass into the core."
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    "dDurationMs": 4140,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It's at this very moment that all the heavier elements in the universe are created,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3080,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "as the star dies, in a super nova explosion."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This produces either a neutron star,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or if the star is massive enough,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the entire mass of the core collapses into a black hole."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "If you looked at a black hole,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "what you'd really be seeing is the event horizon."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Anything that crosses the event horizon"
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      "utf8": "needs to be travelling faster than the speed of light to escape."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In other words, its impossible."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So we just see a black sphere"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "reflecting nothing."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But if the event horizon is the black part,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "what is the \"hole\" part of the black hole?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The singularity."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "We're not sure what it is exactly."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "A singularity may be indefinitely dense,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "meaning all its mass is concentrated into a single point in space,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with no surface or volume,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1940,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or something completely different."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Right now, we just don't know."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "its like a \"dividing by zero\"error."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "By the way, black holes do not suck things up like a vacuum cleaner,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "If we were to swap the sun for an equally massive black hole,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "nothing much would change for earth,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "except that we would freeze to death, of course."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "what would happen to you if you fell into a black hole?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The experience of time is different around black holes,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "from the outside,"
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      "utf8": "you seem to slow down as you approach the event horizon,"
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      "utf8": "so time passes slower for you."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "at some point, you would appear to freeze in time,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "slowly turn red,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "While from your perspective,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "you can watch the rest of the universe in fast forward,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "kind of like seeing into the future."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Right now, we don't know what happens next,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but we think it could be one of two things:"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "One, you die a quick death."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "A black hole curves space so much,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that once you cross the event horizon,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "there is only one possible direction."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "you can take this - literally - inside the event horizon,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "you can only go in one direction."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Its like being in a really tight alley that closes behind you after each step."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The mass of a black hole is so concentrated,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "at some point even tiny distances of a few centimeters,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "would means that gravity acts with millions of times more force on different parts of your body."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Your cells get torn apart,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "as your body stretches more and more,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "until you are a hot stream of plasma,"
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    "segs": [ {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Two, you die a very quick death."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Very soon after you cross the event horizon,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "you would hit a firewall and be terminated in an instant."
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    "dDurationMs": 2840,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Neither of these options are particularly pleasant."
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    "dDurationMs": 2920,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "How soon you would die depends on the mass of the black hole."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "A smaller black hole would kill you before you even enter its event horizon,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "while you probably could travel inside a super size massive black hole for quite a while."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As a rule of thumb,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the further away from the singularity you are,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the longer you live."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Black holes come in different sizes."
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    "segs": [ {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with a few times the mass of sun,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and the diameter of an asteroid."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And then there are the super massive black holes,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which are found at the heart of every galaxy,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and have been feeding for billions of years."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Currently, the largest super massive black hole known,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "is S5 0014+81."
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      "utf8": "40 billion times the mass of our sun."
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      "utf8": "It is 236.7 billion kilometers in diameter,"
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      "utf8": "which is 47 times the distance from the sun to Pluto."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As powerful as black holes are,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they will eventually evaporate through a process called Hawking radiation."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "To understand how this works,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "we have to look at empty space."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but filled with virtual particles popping into existence"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and annihilating each other again."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When this happens right on the edge of a black hole,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "one of the virtual particles will be drawn into the black hole,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and the other will escape and become a real particle."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So the black hole is losing energy."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This happens incredibly slowly at first,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and gets faster as the black hole becomes smaller."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When it arrives at the mass of a large asteroid,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1480,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "its radiating at room temperature."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When it has the mass of a mountain,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it radiates with about the heat of our sun."
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    "dDurationMs": 1840,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and in the last second of its life,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the black hole radiates away with the energy of billions of nuclear bombs in a huge explosion."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But this process is incredibly slow,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The biggest black holes we know,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "might take up a googol year to evaporate."
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3300,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This is so long that when the last black hole radiates away,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "nobody will be around to witness it."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The universe will have become uninhabitable,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "long before then."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This is not the end of our story,"
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    "dDurationMs": 2480,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "there are loads more interesting ideas about black holes,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "we'll explore them in part 2."
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  } ]
}