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      "utf8": "Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger is\none of the founders of quantum mechanics,"
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      "utf8": "but he's most famous for something he\nnever actually did:"
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      "utf8": "a thought experiment involving a cat."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "He imagined taking a cat and\nplacing it in a sealed box"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with a device that had a 50% chance\nof killing the cat in the next hour."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "At the end of that hour, he asked,\n\"What is the state of the cat?\""
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Common sense suggests that the cat\nis either alive or dead,"
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      "utf8": "but Schrödinger pointed out that according\nto quantum physics,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "at the instant before the box is opened,\nthe cat is equal parts alive and dead,"
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    "tStartMs": 42421,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "at the same time."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It's only when the box is opened\nthat we see a single definite state."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Until then, the cat is \na blur of probability,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 51561,
    "dDurationMs": 2669,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "half one thing and half the other."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This seems absurd, \nwhich was Schrödinger's point."
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      "utf8": "He found quantum physics so \nphilosophically disturbing,"
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      "utf8": "that he abandoned the theory\nhe had helped make"
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    "tStartMs": 62768,
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      "utf8": "and turned to writing about biology."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As absurd as it may seem, though,\nSchrödinger's cat is very real."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In fact, it's essential."
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      "utf8": "If it weren't possible for quantum objects\nto be in two states at once,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the computer you're using to watch this\ncouldn't exist."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The quantum phenomenon of \nsuperposition"
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      "utf8": "is a consequence of the dual\nparticle and wave nature of everything."
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      "utf8": "In order for an object to have\na wavelength,"
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      "utf8": "it must extend over some region of space,"
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      "utf8": "which means it occupies many positions\nat the same time."
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      "utf8": "The wavelength of an object limited\nto a small region of space"
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      "utf8": "can't be perfectly defined, though."
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      "utf8": "So it exists in many different wavelengths\nat the same time."
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      "utf8": "We don't see these wave properties\nfor everyday objects"
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      "utf8": "because the wavelength decreases\nas the momentum increases."
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      "utf8": "And a cat is relatively big and heavy."
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      "utf8": "If we took a single atom and blew\nit up to the size of the Solar System,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the wavelength of a cat \nrunning from a physicist"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "would be as small as an atom \nwithin that Solar System."
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      "utf8": "That's far too small to detect, so we'll\nnever see wave behavior from a cat."
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      "utf8": "A tiny particle, like an electron, though,"
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      "utf8": "If we shoot electrons one at a time at a\nset of two narrow slits cut in a barrier,"
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      "utf8": "Block one of the slits \nand the stripes go away."
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      "utf8": "This gigantic superposition of states"
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      "utf8": "millions on a single computer chip."
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      "utf8": "Those chips and their spread out electrons"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "power the computer you're using to\nwatch this video."
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