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    "tStartMs": 13712,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Did you know that every time\nmusicians pick up their instruments,"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3175,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "there are fireworks going off\nall over their brain?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 20293,
    "dDurationMs": 2563,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "On the outside,\nthey may look calm and focused,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 22880,
    "dDurationMs": 3963,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "reading the music and making the precise\nand practiced movements required."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 26867,
    "dDurationMs": 2487,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But inside their brains,\nthere's a party going on."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 30121,
    "dDurationMs": 1264,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "How do we know this?"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1792,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Well, in the last few decades,"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2471,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "neuroscientists have made\nenormous breakthroughs"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 35720,
    "dDurationMs": 4609,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "in understanding how our brains work\nby monitoring them in real time"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 40353,
    "dDurationMs": 3088,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with instruments like\nfMRI and PET scanners."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 43465,
    "dDurationMs": 2229,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When people are hooked up\nto these machines,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 45718,
    "dDurationMs": 2882,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "tasks, such as reading\nor doing math problems,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 48624,
    "dDurationMs": 4386,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "each have corresponding areas of the brain\nwhere activity can be observed."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But when researchers got\nthe participants to listen to music,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1960,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they saw fireworks."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 58300,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Multiple areas of their brains\nwere lighting up at once,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 61195,
    "dDurationMs": 1625,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "as they processed the sound,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 62844,
    "dDurationMs": 2997,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "took it apart to understand elements\nlike melody and rhythm,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 65865,
    "dDurationMs": 4163,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and then put it all back together\ninto unified musical experience."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2967,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And our brains do all this work\nin the split second"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 73043,
    "dDurationMs": 4342,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "between when we first hear the music\nand when our foot starts to tap along."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But when scientists turned\nfrom observing the brains"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2666,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of music listeners to those of musicians,"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3257,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the little backyard fireworks\nbecame a jubilee."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 85916,
    "dDurationMs": 3531,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It turns out that while listening\nto music engages the brain"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 89471,
    "dDurationMs": 1958,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "in some pretty interesting activities,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 91453,
    "dDurationMs": 4041,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "playing music is the brain's equivalent\nof a full-body workout."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 95518,
    "dDurationMs": 3164,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The neuroscientists saw\nmultiple areas of the brain light up,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 98706,
    "dDurationMs": 2908,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "simultaneously processing\ndifferent information"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 101638,
    "dDurationMs": 3870,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "in intricate, interrelated,\nand astonishingly fast sequences."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 106233,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But what is it about making music\nthat sets the brain alight?"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1911,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The research is still fairly new,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 111819,
    "dDurationMs": 2657,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but neuroscientists\nhave a pretty good idea."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Playing a musical instrument"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 115952,
    "dDurationMs": 3341,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "engages practically every area\nof the brain at once,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 119317,
    "dDurationMs": 3998,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "especially the visual,\nauditory, and motor cortices."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 123339,
    "dDurationMs": 4418,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As with any other workout, disciplined,\nstructured practice in playing music"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 127781,
    "dDurationMs": 3909,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "strengthens those brain functions,\nallowing us to apply that strength"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 131714,
    "dDurationMs": 1881,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "to other activities."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 133619,
    "dDurationMs": 3501,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The most obvious difference between\nlistening to music and playing it"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "is that the latter requires\nfine motor skills,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 139728,
    "dDurationMs": 3053,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which are controlled\nin both hemispheres of the brain."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 142805,
    "dDurationMs": 3308,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It also combines the linguistic\nand mathematical precision,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 146137,
    "dDurationMs": 2245,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "in which the left hemisphere\nis more involved,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 148406,
    "dDurationMs": 3535,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with the novel and creative\ncontent that the right excels in."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "For these reasons,\nplaying music has been found"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "to increase the volume and activity\nin the brain's corpus callosum,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 158884,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the bridge between the two hemispheres,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 161349,
    "dDurationMs": 4841,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "allowing messages to get across the brain\nfaster and through more diverse routes."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 166214,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This may allow musicians to solve problems"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 168691,
    "dDurationMs": 3625,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "more effectively and creatively,\nin both academic and social settings."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 172340,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Because making music also involves\ncrafting and understanding"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 176240,
    "dDurationMs": 2075,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "its emotional content and message,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 178339,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "musicians often have higher levels\nof executive function,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 182236,
    "dDurationMs": 2001,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a category of interlinked tasks"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 184261,
    "dDurationMs": 3635,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that includes planning, strategizing,\nand attention to detail"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 187920,
    "dDurationMs": 5311,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and requires simultaneous analysis\nof both cognitive and emotional aspects."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3223,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This ability also has an impact\non how our memory systems work."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And, indeed, musicians exhibit\nenhanced memory functions,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 200449,
    "dDurationMs": 5005,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "creating, storing, and retrieving memories\nmore quickly and efficiently."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 205478,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Studies have found that musicians appear\nto use their highly connected brains"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 209232,
    "dDurationMs": 2738,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "to give each memory multiple tags,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 211994,
    "dDurationMs": 2316,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "such as a conceptual tag,\nan emotional tag,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 214334,
    "dDurationMs": 2516,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "an audio tag, and a contextual tag,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 216874,
    "dDurationMs": 1705,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "like a good Internet search engine."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 219706,
    "dDurationMs": 2953,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "How do we know that all these benefits\nare unique to music,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 222683,
    "dDurationMs": 2465,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "as opposed to, say, sports or painting?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 225172,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Or could it be\nthat people who go into music"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 227569,
    "dDurationMs": 1905,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "were already smarter to begin with?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 229498,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Neuroscientists have explored\nthese issues, but so far,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they have found that the artistic\nand aesthetic aspects"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 235377,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of learning to play a musical instrument"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "are different from any other activity\nstudied, including other arts."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And several randomized studies\nof participants,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 244268,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "who showed the same levels"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 245694,
    "dDurationMs": 3353,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of cognitive function\nand neural processing at the start,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 249071,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "found that those who were exposed\nto a period of music learning"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 252879,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "showed enhancement in multiple\nbrain areas, compared to the others."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This recent research about\nthe mental benefits of playing music"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 259932,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "has advanced our understanding\nof mental function,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "revealing the inner rhythms\nand complex interplay"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that make up the amazing\norchestra of our brain."
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