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  "events": [ {
    "tStartMs": 1302,
    "dDurationMs": 2279,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "What is the largest star in the universe"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 3898,
    "dDurationMs": 1514,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and why is it that large?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 5412,
    "dDurationMs": 2145,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And what are stars anyway?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 8932,
    "dDurationMs": 2303,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Things That Would Like To Be Stars"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 11483,
    "dDurationMs": 2207,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "We begin our journey with Earth."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 13690,
    "dDurationMs": 1378,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Not to learn anything,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 15068,
    "dDurationMs": 2060,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "just to get a vague sense of scale."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 17128,
    "dDurationMs": 3379,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The smallest things that have\nsome star-like properties"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 20507,
    "dDurationMs": 3196,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "are large gas giants, or sub-brown dwarfs."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 23703,
    "dDurationMs": 3887,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Like Jupiter, the most massive\nplanet in the solar system."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 27813,
    "dDurationMs": 4211,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Eleven times larger and 317\ntimes more massive than Earth,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 32024,
    "dDurationMs": 3258,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and more or less, made of\nthe same stuff as our Sun."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 35596,
    "dDurationMs": 1902,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Just much, much less of it."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 37498,
    "dDurationMs": 4048,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The transition towards stars\nbegins with brown dwarfs,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 41546,
    "dDurationMs": 3613,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "failed stars, that are a huge\ndisappointment to their moms."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 45619,
    "dDurationMs": 4032,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "They have between 13 and 90\ntimes the mass of Jupiter."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 49872,
    "dDurationMs": 3367,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So even if we took 90 Jupiters and\nthrew them at each other,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 53239,
    "dDurationMs": 1507,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "although fun to watch,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 54746,
    "dDurationMs": 2302,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it wouldn't be enough to create a star."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 57270,
    "dDurationMs": 3689,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Interestingly, adding lots of mass\nto a brown dwarf"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 60959,
    "dDurationMs": 1742,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "doesn't make it much bigger,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 62701,
    "dDurationMs": 2130,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "just its insides denser."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 65101,
    "dDurationMs": 2883,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This increases the pressure\nin the core enough"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 67984,
    "dDurationMs": 3308,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "to make certain nuclear fusion\nreactions happen slowly,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 71292,
    "dDurationMs": 1980,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and the object glow a little."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 73694,
    "dDurationMs": 3302,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So brown dwarfs are a sort of glowy\ngas giant,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 76996,
    "dDurationMs": 2899,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that don't fit into any category very\nwell."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 80144,
    "dDurationMs": 2120,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But we want to talk about stars,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 82264,
    "dDurationMs": 3109,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "not failed wannabe stars, so let's\nmove on."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 85373,
    "dDurationMs": 3006,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Main Sequence Stars"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 88989,
    "dDurationMs": 3363,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Once large gas balls pass a certain\nmass threshold,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 92668,
    "dDurationMs": 2870,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "their cores become hot and dense\nenough to ignite."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 95538,
    "dDurationMs": 4048,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Hydrogen is fused to helium in their\ncores,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 100041,
    "dDurationMs": 2247,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "releasing tremendous amounts of energy."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 102696,
    "dDurationMs": 3209,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Stars that do that are called \nmain sequence stars."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 106397,
    "dDurationMs": 2304,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The more massive a main sequence star is,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 108701,
    "dDurationMs": 1729,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the hotter and brighter it burns,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 110505,
    "dDurationMs": 1489,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and the shorter its life is."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 112285,
    "dDurationMs": 3148,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Once the hydrogen-burning phase is over,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 115433,
    "dDurationMs": 5026,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "stars grow up to hundreds of \nthousands of times their original size."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 120459,
    "dDurationMs": 4916,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But these giant phases only last for a\nfraction of their lifespan."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 125655,
    "dDurationMs": 3167,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So we'll be comparing stars at \ndrastically"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 128822,
    "dDurationMs": 1933,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "different stages in their lives."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 131006,
    "dDurationMs": 2008,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This doesn't make them less impressive,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 133014,
    "dDurationMs": 2427,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but maybe it's good to keep in mind\nthat we'll be"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 135441,
    "dDurationMs": 2227,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "comparing babies to adults."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 138513,
    "dDurationMs": 1504,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Now back to the beginning,"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3000,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the smallest real stars are red dwarfs."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2656,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "About 100 times the mass of Jupiter;"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 145673,
    "dDurationMs": 3465,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "barely massive enough to fuse\nhydrogen to helium."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 149138,
    "dDurationMs": 2105,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Because they are not very massive"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3454,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they are small, not very hot, and shine\npretty dimly."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 154905,
    "dDurationMs": 2902,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "They are the only stars in the main\nsequence that"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1629,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "don't grow once they die"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 159436,
    "dDurationMs": 1957,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but sort of fizzle out."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 161588,
    "dDurationMs": 2982,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Red dwarfs are by far the most"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 164570,
    "dDurationMs": 1845,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "abundant type in the universe,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 166415,
    "dDurationMs": 2467,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "because they burn their fuel so slowly,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 168882,
    "dDurationMs": 3069,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it lasts them up to ten trillion years -"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 172430,
    "dDurationMs": 2815,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a thousand times the current age of\nthe universe."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 175581,
    "dDurationMs": 4362,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "For example, one of the closest stars\nto Earth is a red dwarf star,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 179943,
    "dDurationMs": 1409,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Barnard's Star,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 181352,
    "dDurationMs": 2834,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but it shines too dimly to be seen\nwithout a telescope."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 184186,
    "dDurationMs": 3268,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "We made a whole video on red dwarfs\nif you want to learn more."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 187890,
    "dDurationMs": 2963,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The next stage are stars like our Sun."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 190853,
    "dDurationMs": 2285,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "To say the Sun dominates the solar"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 193138,
    "dDurationMs": 1881,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "system is not doing it justice"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 195019,
    "dDurationMs": 4031,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "since it makes up 99.86% of all its mass."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 199318,
    "dDurationMs": 3813,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It burns far hotter and brighter than\nred dwarfs,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 203131,
    "dDurationMs": 3290,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which reduces its lifetime to about 10\nbillion years."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 206421,
    "dDurationMs": 3489,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The Sun is 7 times more massive than\nBarnard's Star,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 210147,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but that makes it nearly 300 times\nbrighter with"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 213057,
    "dDurationMs": 2277,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "twice its surface temperature."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 215730,
    "dDurationMs": 1714,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Let's go bigger!"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 218312,
    "dDurationMs": 2307,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Small changes in mass produce enormous"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 220619,
    "dDurationMs": 2459,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "changes in a main sequence star's\nbrightness."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 223921,
    "dDurationMs": 4069,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The brightest star in the night sky,\nSirius, is 2 solar masses"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 227990,
    "dDurationMs": 3095,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with a radius 1.7 times that of the Sun,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 231509,
    "dDurationMs": 3343,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but its surface is nearly 10,000°C,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 235049,
    "dDurationMs": 2677,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "making it shine 25 times brighter."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 238283,
    "dDurationMs": 2208,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Burning THAT hot reduces its total"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 240491,
    "dDurationMs": 4227,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "lifespan by 4 times to 2.5 billion years."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 245102,
    "dDurationMs": 3087,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Stars close to 10 times the mass of\nour sun"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 248189,
    "dDurationMs": 3588,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "have surface temperatures near 25,000°C."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 252103,
    "dDurationMs": 3619,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Beta Centauri contains two of these\nmassive stars,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 255722,
    "dDurationMs": 3819,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "each shining with about 20,000 times\nthe power of the Sun."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 260111,
    "dDurationMs": 1661,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "That's a lot of power coming from"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 261843,
    "dDurationMs": 2086,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "something only 13 times larger,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 264309,
    "dDurationMs": 2661,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but they'll only burn for about 20\nmillion years."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 267480,
    "dDurationMs": 3884,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Entire generations of the blue stars\ndie in the time"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 271364,
    "dDurationMs": 2446,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it takes for the Sun to orbit the galaxy\nonce."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 273810,
    "dDurationMs": 2467,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So is this the formula?"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 276804,
    "dDurationMs": 2555,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The more massive, the larger the star."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 279757,
    "dDurationMs": 3915,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The most massive star that we know\nis R136a1."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 284006,
    "dDurationMs": 3076,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It has 315 solar masses"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 287361,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and is nearly 9 million times brighter\nthan the Sun."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 290466,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And yet, despite its tremendous mass\nand power,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 293601,
    "dDurationMs": 3217,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it's barely 30 times the size of the Sun!"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The star is so extreme and barely held\ntogether by gravity"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that is loses 321 thousand billion tons"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 304688,
    "dDurationMs": 2124,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of material through its stellar wind"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 307134,
    "dDurationMs": 1400,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "every single second."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 309293,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Stars of this sort are extremely rare\nbecause they"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 312173,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "break the rules of star formation a\ntiny bit."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When supermassive stars are born"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they burn extremely hot and bright"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 320313,
    "dDurationMs": 1942,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and this blows away any extra gas"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 322255,
    "dDurationMs": 1894,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that could make them more massive."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 324320,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So the mass limit for such a star is"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2373,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "around 150 times the Sun."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Stars like R136a1 are probably formed\nthrough"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2063,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the merger of several high mass stars"
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1675,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "in dense star-forming regions"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 336997,
    "dDurationMs": 3746,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and burn their core hydrogen in only\na few million years."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 340743,
    "dDurationMs": 3544,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So this means they are rare and short\nlived."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 344624,
    "dDurationMs": 3542,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "From here the trick to going bigger\nisn't adding more mass."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 348474,
    "dDurationMs": 2642,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "To make the biggest stars we have"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 351116,
    "dDurationMs": 1162,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "to kill them."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 353578,
    "dDurationMs": 1164,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Red Giants"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 355463,
    "dDurationMs": 1610,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When main sequence stars begin to"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 357073,
    "dDurationMs": 1840,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "exhaust the hydrogen in their core"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 358913,
    "dDurationMs": 2668,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it contracts making it hotter and denser."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 362176,
    "dDurationMs": 2638,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This leads to hotter and faster fusion"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 364814,
    "dDurationMs": 2108,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which pushes back against gravity"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 366922,
    "dDurationMs": 3083,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and makes the outer layers swell in a\ngiant phase."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 370492,
    "dDurationMs": 3155,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And these stars become truly giant indeed."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 374287,
    "dDurationMs": 2088,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "For example, Gacrux."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2563,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Only 30% more massive than the Sun,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 379695,
    "dDurationMs": 3716,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it has swollen to about 84 times its\nradius."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 383780,
    "dDurationMs": 2869,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Still, when the Sun enters the last\nstage of its life,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 386827,
    "dDurationMs": 2350,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it will swell and become even bigger;"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 389177,
    "dDurationMs": 2534,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "200 times its current radius!"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 392335,
    "dDurationMs": 2125,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In this final phase of its life"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 394460,
    "dDurationMs": 1862,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it will swallow the inner planets."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 396777,
    "dDurationMs": 1875,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And if you think THAT'S impressive"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 398652,
    "dDurationMs": 3065,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "let's finally introduce the largest stars\nin the universe:"
    } ]
  }, {
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      "utf8": "as gravity at the surface is too weak to \nhold on to the hot mass"
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      "utf8": "which is lifted away in powerful stellar \nwinds."
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      "utf8": "Pistol Star is 25 solar masses"
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      "utf8": "but 300 times the radius of the sun;"
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      "utf8": "a blue hypergiant aptly named for its \nenergetic blue starlight."
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      "utf8": "It's hard to say exactly how long Pistol\nStar will live"
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      "utf8": "but probably just a few million years."
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      "utf8": "Even larger than the blue hypergiants"
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      "utf8": "are the yellow hypergiants."
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      "utf8": "The most well studied is Rho Cassiopeiae;"
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      "utf8": "it's thousands of lightyears from Earth."
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      "utf8": "this star is around 500 times the\nradius of the Sun,"
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      "utf8": "If the Earth were as close to Rho \nCassiopeiae as it is to the Sun"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it'd be inside it and you would be very\ndead."
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      "utf8": "Yellow hypergiants are very rare though."
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      "utf8": "This means they're likely just a \nshort-lived intermediate state"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "as a star grows or shrinks between\nother phases of hypergiantness."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "With red hypergiants we reach the\nlargest stars known to us."
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      "utf8": "Probably the largest stars even possible!"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So who's the winner of this insane\ncontest?"
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      "utf8": "Well the truth is we don't know."
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      "utf8": "Red hypergiants are extremely bright\nand far away"
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      "utf8": "which means the even tiny\nuncertainties in our measurements"
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      "utf8": "can give us a huge margin of error for\ntheir size."
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      "utf8": "Worse still are solar system sized\nbehemoths"
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      "utf8": "which makes them harder to measure."
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      "utf8": "As we do more science and our\ninstruments improve"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "whatever the largest star is will change."
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      "utf8": "The star that is currently thought to\nbe among the largest we've found"
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    "tStartMs": 531155,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "is Stephenson 2-18."
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      "utf8": "It was probably as a main sequence\nstar a few tens"
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      "utf8": "of times the mass of the sun"
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      "utf8": "and has likely lost about half its mass\nby now."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "While typical red hypergiants are 1500\ntimes the size of the Sun,"
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      "utf8": "the largest rough estimate places\nStephenson 2-18 at 2150 solar radii,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and shining with almost half a million\ntimes the power of the Sun!"
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    "tStartMs": 558557,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "By comparison the Sun seems like a\ngrain of dust."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Our brains don't really have a way of\ngrasping this kind of scale."
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      "utf8": "Even at lightspeed it would take you \n8.7 hours to travel around it once."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The fastest plane on Earth would take\naround 500 years!"
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  }, {
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      "utf8": "Dropped on the Sun it would fill\nSaturn's orbit!"
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      "utf8": "As it evolves it would probably shed\neven more mass"
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      "utf8": "and shrink down into another hotter\nhypergiant phase,"
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    "tStartMs": 587760,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "accumulate heavy elements in its core,"
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      "utf8": "before finally exploding in a core\ncollapse supernova,"
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    "tStartMs": 594648,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "giving its gas back to the galaxy."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 596761,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This gas will then go on to form\nanother generation"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of stars of all sizes."
    } ]
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      "utf8": "Starting the cycle of birth and death\nagain"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 606123,
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      "utf8": "to light up our universe."
    } ]
  }, {
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      "utf8": "Let's make this journey again"
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      "utf8": "but this time without the talking."
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      "utf8": "The universe is BIG."
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      "utf8": "There are many large things in it."
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    "tStartMs": 637405,
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      "utf8": "If you want to play a bit more with size\nstuff"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 1726,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "we have good news!"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 641679,
    "dDurationMs": 2838,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "We've crated our first app, Universe In\nA Nutshell,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 644725,
    "dDurationMs": 2956,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "together with Tim Urban, the brain\nbehind Wait But Why."
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3435,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "You can seamlessly travel from the\nsmallest things in existence,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 651116,
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      "utf8": "past the coronavirus,"
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      "utf8": "human cells and dinosaurs,"
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    "tStartMs": 654436,
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      "utf8": "all the way to the largest stars\nand galaxies,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 657125,
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      "utf8": "and marvel at the whole observable\nuniverse!"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 660705,
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      "utf8": "You can learn more about each object,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 663047,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or simply enjoy the sheer scale of it all."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 666487,
    "dDurationMs": 3060,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The app is inspired by the Scale Of\nThe Universe website"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 669547,
    "dDurationMs": 959,
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      "utf8": "by the Huang twins,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 670506,
    "dDurationMs": 2841,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that we spent a lot of time with when\nit came out years ago,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 673347,
    "dDurationMs": 2119,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and felt that it was finally time to\ncreate a"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 675466,
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      "utf8": "Wait But Why and Kurzgesagt version."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 677844,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "You can get it in your app store,"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 679515,
    "dDurationMs": 2401,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "there are no in-app purchases, and no ads."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 682469,
    "dDurationMs": 1924,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "All future updates are included."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 684859,
    "dDurationMs": 1782,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And since this is our first app"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 686641,
    "dDurationMs": 1638,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "we'd love to hear your feedback"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 688279,
    "dDurationMs": 1826,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "so we can improve it over time."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 690403,
    "dDurationMs": 1430,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "If this sounds good to you"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 691833,
    "dDurationMs": 2205,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "download the Universe In A Nutshell\napp now"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 694038,
    "dDurationMs": 2706,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and leave us a 5-star review if you\nwant to support it."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 697224,
    "dDurationMs": 4155,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Kurzgesagt and all the projects we do\nare mostly funded by viewers"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 701379,
    "dDurationMs": 1672,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "like you!"
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 703317,
    "dDurationMs": 3457,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So if you like the app we'll make more\ndigital things in future."
    } ]
  }, {
    "tStartMs": 707122,
    "dDurationMs": 1490,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Thank you for watching!"
    } ]
  } ]
}