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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "When you think of \nArchimedes' \"Eureka!\" moment,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "you probably think of this."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "As it turns out, it may \nhave been more like this."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In the third century BC, Hieron,\nking of the Sicilian city of Syracuse,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "chose Archimedes to supervise"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "an engineering project \nof unprecedented scale."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Hieron commissioned a sailing vessel"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "50 times bigger than a standard\nancient warship,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2540,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "named the Syracusia after his city."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Hieron wanted to construct\nthe largest ship ever,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which was destined \nto be given as a present"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 2891,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "for Egypt's ruler, Ptolemy."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But could a boat the size\nof a palace possibly float?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In Archimedes's day, \nno one had attempted anything like this."
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    "dDurationMs": 3242,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It was like asking, \"Can a mountain fly?\""
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    "dDurationMs": 2901,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "King Hieron had a lot \nriding on that question."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Hundreds of workmen were to labor\nfor years on constructing the Syracusia"
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    "dDurationMs": 3690,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "out of beams of pine \nand fir from Mount Etna,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 69728,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "ropes from hemp grown in Spain,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 71820,
    "dDurationMs": 2220,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and pitch from France."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 74040,
    "dDurationMs": 3339,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The top deck, on which \neight watchtowers were to stand,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 77379,
    "dDurationMs": 2242,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "was to be supported not by columns,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 79621,
    "dDurationMs": 5885,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but by vast wooden images of Atlas\nholding the world on his shoulders."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 85506,
    "dDurationMs": 1547,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "On the ship's bow,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 87053,
    "dDurationMs": 6416,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a massive catapult would be able \nto fire 180 pound stone missiles."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 93469,
    "dDurationMs": 1764,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "For the enjoyment of its passengers,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 95233,
    "dDurationMs": 2987,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "the ship was to feature \na flower-lined promenade,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 98220,
    "dDurationMs": 1901,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a sheltered swimming pool,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and bathhouse with heated water,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 102791,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a library filled with books and statues,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 106350,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "a temple to the goddess Aphrodite,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and a gymnasium."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And just to make things \nmore difficult for Archimedes,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Hieron intended to pack \nthe vessel full of cargo:"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "10,000 jars of pickled fish,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 123470,
    "dDurationMs": 2604,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "74 tons of drinking water,"
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  }, {
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    "dDurationMs": 3125,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and 600 tons of wool."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It would have carried well over\na thousand people on board,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 132982,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "including 600 soldiers."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And it housed 20 horses \nin separate stalls."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "To build something of this scale,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "only for that to sink \non its maiden voyage?"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Well, let's just say that failure"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "wouldn't have been a pleasant \noption for Archimedes."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So he took on the problem: will it sink?"
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    "tStartMs": 152614,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Perhaps he was sitting \nin the bathhouse one day,"
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      "utf8": "wondering how a heavy bathtub can float,"
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    "tStartMs": 157853,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "when inspiration came to him."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "An object partially immersed in a fluid\nis buoyed up by a force"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "equal to the weight of the fluid\ndisplaced by the object."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "In other words, if a 2,000 ton Syracusia\ndisplaced exactly 2,000 tons of water,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it would just barely float."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "If it displaced 4,000 tons of water,\nit would float with no problem."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Of course, if it only displaced \n1,000 tons of water,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "well, Hieron wouldn't be too happy."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This is the law of buoyancy,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and engineers still \ncall it Archimedes' Principle."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It explains why a steel supertanker\ncan float as easily as a wooden rowboat"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or a bathtub."
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      "utf8": "If the weight of water displaced\nby the vessel below the keel"
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      "utf8": "is equivalent to the vessel's weight,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "whatever is above the keel\nwill remain afloat above the waterline."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "This sounds a lot like another story\ninvolving Archimedes and a bathtub,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and it's possible that's because\nthey're actually the same story,"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 219691,
    "dDurationMs": 2562,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "twisted by the vagaries of history."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 222253,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The classical story of Archimedes' Eureka!\nand subsequent streak through the streets"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "centers around a crown, \nor corona in Latin."
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "At the core of the Syracusia story\nis a keel, or korone in Greek."
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 236771,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Could one have been \nmixed up for the other?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "We may never know."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "On the day the Syracusia arrived in Egypt\non its first and only voyage,"
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      "utf8": "we can only imagine how residents\nof Alexandria thronged the harbor"
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      "utf8": "to marvel at the arrival \nof this majestic, floating castle."
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      "utf8": "This extraordinary vessel was the Titanic\nof the ancient world,"
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      "utf8": "except without the sinking,\nthanks to our pal, Archimedes."
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