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      "utf8": "What's the most important century\nin human history?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Some might argue it’s a period \nof extensive military campaigning,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "like Alexander the Great’s \nin the 300s BCE,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which reshaped political\nand cultural borders."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Others might cite the emergence \nof a major religion,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "such as Islam in the 7th century,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which codified and spread values\nacross such borders."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Or perhaps it’s the Industrial Revolution\nof the 1700s"
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      "utf8": "that transformed global commerce"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and redefined humanity's relationship\nwith labor."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Whatever the answer, it seems like \nany century vying for that top spot"
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      "utf8": "is at a moment of great change—"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "when the actions of our ancestors shifted\nhumanity’s trajectory"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "for centuries to come."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So if this is our metric, \nis it possible that right now—"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "this century— \nis the most important one yet?"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The 21st century has already proven to be\na period of rapid technological growth."
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      "utf8": "Phones and computers have accelerated\nthe pace of life."
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      "utf8": "And we’re likely on the cusp of developing\nnew transformative technologies,"
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      "utf8": "like advanced artificial intelligence,"
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      "utf8": "that could entirely change \nthe way people live."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Meanwhile, many technologies \nwe already have"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "contribute to humanity’s unprecedented \nlevels of existential risk—"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that’s the risk of our\nspecies going extinct"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or experiencing some kind of disaster\nthat permanently limits"
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      "utf8": "humanity’s ability to grow and thrive."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "The invention of the atomic bomb marked\na major rise in existential risk,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and since then we’ve only increased\nthe odds against us."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It’s profoundly difficult\nto estimate the odds"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "of an existential collapse \noccurring this century."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Very rough guesses put the risk \nof existential catastrophe"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "due to nuclear winter and climate change\nat around 0.1%,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "with the odds of a pandemic causing\nthe same kind of collapse"
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  }, {
    "tStartMs": 131502,
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "at a frightening 3%."
    } ]
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Given that any of these disasters could \nmean the end of life as we know it,"
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    "dDurationMs": 2127,
    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "these aren’t exactly small figures,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And it’s possible this century could see\nthe rise of new technologies"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "that introduce more existential risks."
    } ]
  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "AI experts have a wide range \nof estimates regarding"
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      "utf8": "when artificial general intelligence\nwill emerge,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "but according to some surveys,\nmany believe it could happen this century."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Currently, we have relatively narrow forms\nof artificial intelligence,"
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  }, {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "which are designed to do specific tasks \nlike play chess or recognize faces."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Even narrow AIs that do creative work are\nlimited to their singular specialty."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "But artificial general intelligences,\nor AGIs,"
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      "utf8": "quickly outpacing \ntheir human counterparts."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "There are a huge variety of guesses\nabout what AGI could look like,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "and what it would mean\nfor humanity to share the Earth"
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    "segs": [ {
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "AGIs might help us achieve our goals,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "they might regard us as inconsequential,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "or, they might see us as an obstacle\nto swiftly remove."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "So in terms of existential risk,"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it's imperative the values of this new\ntechnology align with our own."
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      "utf8": "This is an incredibly difficult\nphilosophical and engineering challenge"
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      "utf8": "that will require a lot \nof delicate, thoughtful work."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Yet, even if we succeed, AGI could still\nlead to another complicated outcome."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "Let’s imagine an AGI emerges \nwith deep respect for human life"
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      "utf8": "and a desire to solve\nall humanity’s troubles."
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      "utf8": "it's been developed to be incredibly\nrigid about its beliefs."
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      "utf8": "If these machines became \nthe dominant power on Earth,"
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      "utf8": "their strict values might\nbecome hegemonic,"
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      "utf8": "locking humanity into one ideology that\nwould be incredibly resistant to change."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "History has taught us that\nno matter how enlightened"
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      "utf8": "they are rarely up to the moral standards\nof later generations."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "And this kind of value lock in\ncould permanently distort or constrain"
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      "utf8": "and it’s profoundly difficult to predict\nhow any existential risks"
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      "utf8": "will play out over the next century."
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "It’s also possible that new, \nmore pressing concerns"
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    "segs": [ {
      "utf8": "it still seems like the decisions \nwe make might have a major impact"
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